Challenges Confronting the Ratification of the Malabo Protocol by African States: An Appraisal

Abstract

The adoption of the Malabo Protocol on June 27, 2014, the African Union invites scholars, practitioners and policy makers to contribute to a Special Supplementary Issue reflecting on the Protocol’s integral role in enhancing accountability for international and transnational crimes in Africa. This protocol extended the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights to encompass a wide array of crimes like genocide, war crimes, corruption, and illicit resource exploitation. Despite its potential, the Protocol has faced significant challenges, notably a low ratification rate, with only one of the necessary fifteen ratifications achieved till date. This article critically assessed the Malabo Protocol through various thematic lenses. It explored theoretical and legal frameworks that enhance understanding of international justice and accountability in Africa as well as assesses the challenges hindering ratification and proposed strategies for promoting wider acceptance. Additionally, the article analyzed the impact of the protocol in advancing accountability for international crimes and its significance within the broader African and global justice landscape. Contributions are expected to span interdisciplinary perspectives, examining the role of sociology, political science and civil society advocacy in relation to the Protocol. The Article also explored and proposed future directions, offering insights into the protocol's long-term prospects and recommendations for stakeholders. Together, the article examined and celebrated the progress made over the past decade goal and also reinvigorate efforts towards ratification and implementation, reinforcing the African Union's commitment to combating impunity and promoting justice in Africa.